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Application of Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling to Characterize the Effects of Age and Obesity on the Disposition of Levetiracetam in the Pediatric Population
Patricia D. Maglalang, Jaydeep Sinha, Kanecia O. Zimmerman, Sean McCann, Andrea N. Edginton, Christoph P. Hornik, Chi D. Hornik, William J. Muller, Amira Al‐Uzri, Marisa Meyer, Jia‐Yuh Chen, Ravinder Anand, Eliana M. Perrin, Daniel González, Daniel K. Benjamin, Phyllis Kennel, Cheryl Alderman, Zoë Sund, Kylie Opel, Rose Beci, Gregory L. Kearns, Matthew M. Laughon, Ian M. Paul, Janice E. Sullivan, Kelly C. Wade, Leanne L. West, Susan M. Abdel‐Rahman, Elizabeth Payne, Lily Chen, Gina Simone, Kathleen L. O’Connor, Jennifer Cermak, Lawrence Taylor, Ramany John, Ram Yogev, Laura Fearn, Sasidharan Taravath, Tiffony Blanks, Arielle Lapid, Melissa Harward, Kira Clark, Sarah Craven, Kimberly Grzesek, Charuta Joshi, Austin Drake, Lauri Filar, Jennifer Sargent, Arpita Lakhotia, Michael Oldham, Julie Burmester, Stephany Eubanks, Terri Simeon, Yael Shiloh‐Malawsky, Christopher L. Anderson, Mallory Jolly, Shradhdha Joshi, Norbert Odero, Jennifer Taylor, Susan Arnold, Caryn R. Harper, Erica N. Howard, María Soledad Castaño Martínez, Deanna Myer, Angela Walker, Martha Blackford, Michael Reed, Amanda Hodge, Tasha Capozzi, Heather Anthony, Glenn Stryjewski, Kimberly Klipner, Karen Kowal, Benjamin Traisman, Carol Nielsen, Pam Sroka, Matitiahu Berkovitch, Elkana Kohn, Catherine Litalien, Julie Autmizguine, Diane Desmarasis, Christine Massicotte, Mariana Dumitrascu, Vincent Lague, Neil A. Goldenberg, Peter M. Mourani, Jendar Deschenes, Domninic DiDomenico, M C Dix, Gentle Halstenson, Kathryn Malone, Kimberly Ralston, Alleluiah Rutebemberwa, Yamila Sierra, Matthew Steinbeiss, Kevin A Van, Hugh J. McMillan, Roger Zemek, Thierry Lacaze, Daniela Pohl, Angie Tuttle, Barbara Murchison, Sara Ieradi, Stuart L. Goldstein, G. Bradley, Theresa Mottes, Tara Terrell, Patricia Arnold, Bradley DePaoli, Bradley Gerhardt, Cassie Kirby, Kevin Watt, Grace Jefferson, Nicole Baisden, Heidi Tiedge, Christie Milleson, Samantha Wrenn, Anne Baez, Scott C. Denne, Brenda B. Poindexter, Gregory Sokol, B. Kost, Ashley Moore, Jaime G. Deville, Kavita Shankar, Elizabeth Lang, Yaron Finkelstein, Maggie Rumantir, Mobeen H. Rathore, Kathleen A. Thoma, Alexandrea Borges, Philip Toltzis, David Speicher, Eloise Lemon, Brenna Vitou, Eileen Goldblatt, Ramon Adams, Catherine Tasi, Lisa Petersen, Ashlee Parsons, Laura P. James, Dawn Hansberry, Michelle Hart, Howard Lee, D Pierce Ann, Karrie Kernen, Susan Poff, Courtney Konow, Kelli R. McCormack Brown, Jen Comings, Andrew Michael, Jackie Perry, Michelle Wiseheart, Janice Bernhardt, Ashley Mariconti, Jennifer Talbert, Michael G. Spigarelli, Catherine M.T. Sherwin, Fumiko Alger, JoAnn Narus, Rebbecca Perez, Priscilla Rosen, Yakub Salman, Kaylynn Shakespear, J. SHIMIZU, Sharada Dixit
Bibliographic record
VenueClinical Pharmacokinetics · 2024
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldMedicine
TopicEpilepsy research and treatment
Canadian institutionsUniversity of Waterloo
FundersEunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human DevelopmentDuke Clinical Research InstituteNational Institute of Child Health and Human DevelopmentNational Institutes of Health
KeywordsLevetiracetamPharmacokineticsMedicineObesityDispositionPediatricsPopulationAge groupsPharmacologyEpilepsyInternal medicineDemographyPsychologyPsychiatryEnvironmental health
Abstract
No abstract in any covered source. Its absence is recorded, not treated as a negative.
No abstract. This is not a gap in this database; OpenAlex has none either. 23.3% of the frame is in this state, and the screen finds HALF as much metaresearch here, so the absence is a measured bias rather than a missing field.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.492
Threshold uncertainty score0.217
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
Opus teacher head0.063
GPT teacher head0.399
Teacher spread0.336 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation status
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designObservational
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".
Quick stats
Citations5
Published2024
Admission routes1
Has abstractno