The Testament Definition Scale (TDS): Normative Data from the Italian Population and Clinical Usability in Neurodegenerative Diseases
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Ad-hoc forensic instruments have been developed for the contemporaneous or retrospective evaluation of testamentary capacity, among which the Testament Definition Scale (TDS), a short rating scale designed to evaluate and quantify the individual’s capacity to give an exhaustive definition of what a testament is. The aim of the study was to derive Italian normative values for the TDS in an adult sample and to provide preliminary evidence for its usability in neurological patients with cognitive decline. The TDS was administered to 341 healthy subjects of different ages (range= 30–92 years) and educational levels (range= 1–20 years), along with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and the Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB), and to 6 adults with neurodegenerative diseases. In healthy subjects, TDS scores were associated with MoCA and FAB scores; education was the only significant predictor of TDS scores. In patients with neurodegenerative diseases, TDS scores can dissociate from MoCA and FAB scores. Normative data (cutoff and equivalent scores) for favoring the adoption of the TDS in the assessment of testamentary capacity are here provided.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".