Cultural Adaptation Stress and Social Competence as Determinants of Hopelessness
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective: The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between hopelessness, cultural adaptation stress, and social competence among international students. The aim was to identify how these factors interact to influence the psychological well-being of this population. Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 430 international students selected through stratified random sampling. Participants completed the Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS), the Acculturative Stress Scale for International Students (ASSIS), and the Social Skills Inventory (SSI). Data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 27, employing Pearson correlation to explore bivariate relationships and linear regression analysis to investigate the predictive power of cultural adaptation stress and social competence on hopelessness. Results: Descriptive statistics revealed mean scores of 9.45 (SD = 3.27) for hopelessness, 70.34 (SD = 15.62) for cultural adaptation stress, and 80.23 (SD = 12.48) for social competence. Pearson correlation analysis showed significant positive correlations between hopelessness and cultural adaptation stress (r = 0.52, p < 0.001) and significant negative correlations between hopelessness and social competence (r = -0.48, p < 0.001). The regression model was significant (F(2, 427) = 238.29, p < 0.001), with cultural adaptation stress (B = 0.11, SE = 0.01, β = 0.45, t = 11.98, p < 0.001) and social competence (B = -0.10, SE = 0.01, β = -0.41, t = -10.86, p < 0.001) as significant predictors, explaining 53% of the variance in hopelessness (R² = 0.53). Conclusion: The study demonstrates that cultural adaptation stress significantly increases hopelessness, while social competence serves as a protective factor reducing hopelessness among international students. These findings underscore the need for educational institutions to develop support systems that address cultural adaptation challenges and enhance social competence to promote the mental health and well-being of international students.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".