Comparing the impact of insufficient physical activity on cardiovascular disease in survivors of childhood Hodgkin lymphoma and sibling controls: A report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study (CCSS).
Bibliographic record
Abstract
10024 Background: Survivors of childhood Hodgkin lymphoma are at increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) from anthracycline and radiation exposures. Whether the treatment-induced risk can be mitigated with physical activity is not known. We aimed to compare the impact of insufficient physical activity on CVD in Hodgkin lymphoma survivors and controls. Methods: Participants in the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study (CCSS) reported physical activity, which was translated into metabolic equivalent of task hours/week (MET) and categorized as 0, 1-8, or ≥9 METs. We estimated rate ratios (RR) for new onset (incident) congestive heart failure and any CVD (including heart attack, congestive heart failure, arrhythmia, and valvular disease requiring interventions) during follow-up, accounting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, smoking, risky drinking, overweight/obesity, and treatment exposures (survivors only). Then we calculated population attributable fractions (PAF) for insufficient physical activity (< 9 METs). The attributable relative rate (ARR) was calculated by multiplying the PAF in survivors with the RR for CVD incidence in survivors compared to controls, resulting in an ARR for survivors that was compared to the PAF in controls. Results: In 2,357 Hodgkin survivors [50% female; [mean (SD)] 14.3 (4.1) years at diagnosis; 31.6 (5.8) years at start of follow-up, and 17.8 (7.6) years from diagnosis] and 3,949 sibling controls, 233 survivors and 19 controls developed congestive heart failure. 462 survivors and 95 controls developed any CVD. The PAF for congestive heart failure attributable to insufficient physical activity was larger in controls (38.0%) than survivors (22.3%). However, with RR 20.3 (95% CI 12.6-32.5) for congestive heart failure for survivors compared to controls, the ARR in survivors (452.1%) revealed a 12 times higher incidence of congestive heart failure attributable to insufficient physical activity in Hodgkin survivors than in controls (452.1%/38.0%). The ARR indicates that 4.5 of the 20-fold higher risk of congestive heart failure in survivors vs. siblings is attributable to insufficient physical activity in the survivors. For any CVD, the PAFs were comparable in survivors (13.7%) and controls (11.7%). With RR 10.2 (95% CI 8.2-12.7) for any CVD for survivors compared to controls, the ARR for any CVD in survivors (139.7%) was also 12 times higher than the incidence attributable to insufficient physical activity in controls (139.7%/11.7%). Conclusions: Our results suggest that the magnitude of treatment-induced CVD risk that can be mitigated by physical activity is considerable. This offers a modifiable target and provides rationale for exercise interventions aimed at reducing CVD in survivors at high risk.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".