Bibliographic record
Abstract
DE L'OBLIGATION DE DEFENDRE L'ASSURE Au Quebec, l'article 2503 C.c.Q., qui est une disposition imperative a laquelle on ne peut deroger, impose a l'assureur l'obligation de prendre fait et cause pour toute personne qui a droit au benefice de l'assurance.(Notre soulignement) Cet article se lit comme suit L'assureur est tenu de prendre fait et cause pour toute personne qui a droit au benefice de l'assurance et d'assu mer sa defense dans toute action dirigee contre elle.De plus, tous les contrats d'assurance de responsabilite civile ou encore les contrats d'assurance automobilechapitre Aresponsabilite civile, inserent, au titre des garanties subsidiaires, la garantie de defendre l'assure, d'acquitter tout reglement et d'assumer les frais en sus des montants d'assurance.Dans les autres provinces, I' obligation de l' assureur de defendre est similaire.Elle est imposee directement, soit par certaines lois statutaires (Insurance Act), soit en vertu du contrat d'assurance qui est la loi des parties.Pour connaitre la situation dans les autres provinces ou encore pour connaitre quelques problemes decoulant de l'ancien droit civil au Quebec a cet egard, mentionnons une excellente etude, publiee dans la revue du Barreau (Tome 46, No 2, Mars-Avril 1986), par G.B. Maughan et Mindy Paskell-Mede, intitulee The Duty to defend in Liability Insurance in Quebec./05 L'obligation de l'assureur de responsabilite de defendre /'assure n'est pas absolue: reflexions a la lumiere d'une decision recente de la Cour d 'appel du Quebec (Assurances, juillet 2000, no 2, p. 199).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.010 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.010 | 0.006 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.009 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.004 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.052 | 0.007 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".