Satellite-Based Analysis of Coastal Upwelling Variability and a Novel Index: Case Studies of the Moroccan Atlantic Coast and the Californian Coast
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study examines the variability of upwelling along eastern boundaries, specifically focusing on two upwelling systems in the northern hemisphere: the Moroccan Atlantic coast and the Californian coast. In this study, we use a specialized archive that is both highly efficient and robust. The archive is specifically designed to tackle the challenge of detecting upwelling phenomena in satellite data. We ensure accurate and reliable results by prioritizing cloud processing in upwelling zones and questionable pixels. The description and analysis of upwelling dynamics from 2000 to 2019 include the interannual and seasonal variability, which are examined using different upwelling indices. Furthermore, this study proposes a novel index to evaluate the agreement between Sea Surface Temperature (SST) and Chlorophyll-a concentration (Chl-a) as indicators of upwelling. This index successfully captures the relationship between biological and physical components at various spatio-temporal scales, indicating its potential for use in other upwelling systems.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".