Ultrasensitive Monolithic Dopamine Microsensors Employing Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanofibers
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Brain‐on‐Chip devices, which facilitate on‐chip cultures of neurons to simulate brain functions, are receiving tremendous attention from both fundamental and clinical research. Consequently, microsensors are being developed to accomplish real‐time monitoring of neurotransmitters, which are the benchmarks for neuron network operation. Among these, electrochemical sensors have emerged as promising candidates for detecting a critical neurotransmitter, dopamine. However, current state‐of‐the‐art electrochemical dopamine sensors are suffering from issues like limited sensitivity and cumbersome fabrication. Here, a novel route in monolithically microfabricating vertically aligned carbon nanofiber electrochemical dopamine microsensors is reported with an anti‐blistering slow cooling process. Thanks to the microfabrication process, microsensors is created with complete insulation and large surface areas. The champion device shows extremely high sensitivity of 4.52× 10 4 µAµM −1 ·cm −2 , which is two‐orders‐of‐magnitude higher than current devices, and a highly competitive limit of detection of 0.243 nM. These remarkable figures‐of‐merit will open new windows for applications such as electrochemical recording from a single neuron.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".