Is Vladimir Putin a Realist with Special Attention to the Concept of a Force Monopoly and Hans Kelsen’s Principle of Effectiveness of Laws and Joe Biden’s (President of the United States of America) Speech at the United Nations General Assembly Meeting of 20th September, 2023 That There Will Be Reprisal against Russia for Starting the War with Ukraine Coincide with the Concept of Force Monopoly
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this article I will take a critical analysis of realism especially political realism and linking it to Vladimir Putin (president of Russia) and then how the concept of force monopoly and Joe Biden’s (President of the United States of America) speech at the United Nations General Assembly meeting of 20th September, 2023 that there will be reprisal against Russia for starting the war with Ukraine coincide with the concept of force monopoly. Central to this discourse is the concept of force monopoly and the principle of effectiveness of law, these will be explored alongside entrenched norms of international law. Therefore, this article will examine the historical precedent set by the International Law; which unequivocally condemned acts of aggression and underscored the accountability of individuals for violating international law. Throughout World War II, it was widely believed that there is no justification for the hostilities initiated by Germany through Hitler therefore, Germany’s actions against states during the second world war constituted unlawful aggression (Sorensen 1968; Wright, 1947). This historical context serves as a backdrop for ensuring compliance with international legal norms and it emphasizes the imperative of holding states accountable to deter unlawful actions. Key topics addressed include the nuanced interpretation of force within international law, the parameters of self-defence, the principles of self-help and self-preservation, and the concept of necessity in justifying state actions. Through this multidimensional analysis, the study underscores the critical importance of upholding international legal frameworks to mitigate conflicts and foster a more stable and just global order.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.006 | 0.026 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.011 | 0.010 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.005 | 0.007 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".