Effects of the Surgical Ligation of the Ureter in Different Locations on the Kidney over Time in the Rat Model
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Purpose . To evaluate the effects of the surgical ligation of the ureter in different locations on the kidney over time in the rat model. Methods . A total of 155 rats were enrolled and randomly divided into the case ( n = 150) and control ( n = 5) groups. The case group included three separate groups (fifty rats in each group) that underwent surgical ureteral ligation at the proximal, middle, and distal ureter. The laboratory tests, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF‐ α ), were measured in groups. The pathological evaluation for glomerular changes, tubular dilation, interstitial fibrosis, and interstitial infiltration of the inflammatory cells following the obstruction was performed (severity of tubular atrophy categorized too mild (+), moderate (++), and severe (+++)). To compare the continuous variables between the groups and between the measurement times, the analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used. Results . Our results revealed that the creatinine four weeks after the obstruction was significantly higher in the proximal group obstruction ( p value: 0.046). The three groups had no significant differences regarding urine creatinine, serum sodium, and serum TNF ( p value: 0.261). Obstruction did not change the glomerular morphology in three intervention groups after six weeks. The commencing of severe tubular atrophy in proximal, middle, and distal ureteral obstruction was at weeks three, four, and six, respectively. Conclusion . The location of ureteral obstruction is also crucial in deciding to intervene to relieve the complete ureteral obstruction. Severe tubular damage occurs in weeks three, four, and six in proximal, middle, and distal ureteral obstruction, respectively.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".