Freeze-dried dragon fruit powder: characterization and incorporation in plant-based drink
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This work aimed to characterize the freeze-dried dragon fruit powder and produce and evaluate plant-based dragon fruit drinks. Three beverage formulations were developed. Analyzes of aw, pH, total titratable acidity, humidity, soluble solids, antioxidant activity by ABTS, and microbiological analyses were carried out on the freeze-dried powder and the prepared drinks. Solubility and hygroscopicity were carried out only in the powder. The freeze-dried dragon fruit powder showed low moisture (5.037 ± 0.17%) and aw (0.3122 ± 0.06), solubility (60.54% ± 0.40), medium hygroscopicity (34.61% ± 12.15), indicating a moderate propensity to absorb environmental moisture. Antioxidant activity was 0.64 ± 0.13 (μmol/g Trolox), and vitamin C was 7.95 ± 1.08; these compounds were preserved during the processing process freeze-drying. Salmonella spp. was not detected, and molds and yeasts were also not detected. E. coli was within the detection limits of the technique. Drink A3 had a lower pH value (5.38±0.70c), in which a higher concentration of the freeze-dried powder caused a decrease in the pH and promoted more significant acidification (10.87±0.73a). A higher Vitamin C content was observed in A2 and A3 (3.396±0.52a and 4.903±0.94a). More excellent antioxidant activity was observed in drink A3 (6.266±2.59b). A3 was less luminous, darker (L), and more reddish (a*). ∆E values indicate that consumers can perceive the difference in the color of A2 and A3 about A1. There was no detection of Salmonella, molds, yeasts, and E. Coli within the detection limits of the technique. Plant-based drinks with dragon fruit powder constitute a healthy alternative, are microbiologically safe, and have functional properties.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".