Groundwater suitability for irrigation and domestic use applying CCME WQI model and GIS in East El-Owainat, Egypt
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Groundwater is the major source of irrigation and domestic water use in the East El-Owainat region since it is accessible and pollutant-free. The measured qualitative groundwater variables (salinity, alkalinity, total dissolved salts, total hardness and soluble ions), irrigation indexes and Canadian water quality index (CCME-WQI) were calculated to estimate water quality. Piper's trilinear diagram showed that over 85% of the total samples exhibit Na-Cl facies, indicating that the mineral structure of the water reservoir has a substantial effect on the chemical characteristics of aquifers. The tested groundwater samples revealed that 59.68% of the salt assemblage consisted of NaCl, Na2SO4, MgSO4, and Ca (HCO3)2, illustrating the effects of leaching and dissolving evaporating deposits as well as the intermediate stages of chemical evolution. About 39% of the total samples had Fe concentrations higher than what is acceptable for human consumption. The US Salinity Diagram revealed that the bulk of the tested samples belong to the C3S1 group, which defines a high salinity with a low Na type. According to CCME-WQI, 80 and 97% of groundwater samples are acceptable for drinking and excellent for irrigation, respectively. A factor analysis suggests that ion exchange and groundwater-rock exchanges, all of which are connected to the natural water source, have a favorable impact on the water quality. Groundwater quality based on the CCME-WQI index remains suitable for human and cultivation purposes. For the sake of ecosystem safety, groundwater quality must be monitored on a regular basis.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".