Microburrows and Coprulus oblongus in Cryptic Cavities of Cryptozoön Stromatolites from Late Cambrian Carbonates of New York, USA
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Late Cambrian stromatolites (Cryptozoön; Little Falls Formation, Late Cambrian [ca. 490 Ma], Herkimer County, New York, USA) from the classic Herkimer “diamond” locality host an accumulation of microcoprolites (Coprulus oblongus) in a cryptic cavity between stromatolite columns. The cryptic cavity space is partly delineated by a region of overhanging stromatolitic laminae, a phenomenon known to occur in New York Cryptozoöns. The same rock slab hosts tiny burrows, some of which are partly filled with rounded quartz grains that were introduced into the burrow as backfill sediment. The association of pellet accumulations and microburrows demonstrates that the New York Cryptozoön community had a significant component of small metazoans, comparable to the microburrow nests reported from early Cambrian archaeocyath-calcimicrobe communities. Pervasive burrowing in selected laminae of the New York Cryptozoön communities indicate that these organo-sedimentary structures are best considered as microbial-metazoan constructions or benthic microbial-metazoan communities (BMMC). This result has implications for understanding the origin of animals. Controversial structures in the 890 Ma Little Dal Group, northwestern Canada, are directly comparable to the vermiform structures observed in the New York Cryptozoöns. Coprulus of comparable age (800-900 Ma, Baish Group, Saudia Arabia) was reported in the 1980s. Metazoan may thus date back to the time of Rodinia.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".