Recyclable multiscale composite structural supercapacitor
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract This study presents a proof‐of‐concept for a fully recyclable and sustainable composite structural supercapacitor. The fabricated device shows promising energy storage capabilities and mechanical strength. Generally, structural supercapacitors capacitance is considerably lower than non‐load‐bearing mono‐functional supercapacitors and are made via thermoset polymer electrolyte. Here, the device is fabricated using an optimized solid electrolyte composition of carbon aerogel modified carbon fibers, fumed silica, lithium salt, and a thermoplastic polymer matrix. The supercapacitor exhibits a high capacitance of 5225 mFg −1 (193 mFcm −2 ) at 1 mVs − 1 scan rate and a large voltage window of 4 V. A simple dissolution/reprecipitation method is used to demonstrate the recycling feasibility, with minimal mechanical degradation (<10%) in the polymer matrix and no chemical structure changes in the electrolyte. This work establishes a promising ecologically‐sound structural energy storage technology with favorable performance compared to prior studies. Highlights A proof‐of‐concept fully recyclable composite structural supercapacitor is made. Thermoplastic‐based robust polymer electrolytes are fabricated. Recycling via dissolution and re‐precipitation of components is demonstrated. Comparison to prior structural supercapacitors shows favorable performance.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".