Taxonomic Review of Pseudips Cognato (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae: Ipini) Inferred from Morphology and a DNA-Based Phylogeny
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Pseudips Cognato, 2000 species are distributed in the western mountains of China and in western North America where they feed and complete their life cycle under the bark of spruce and pine trees (Pinaceae: Picea and Pinus spp.). The phylogenetic relationships of the three previously recognized species are as follows: Pseudips orientalis (Wood and Yin, 1986) is sister to a monophyletic group consisting of Pseudips concinnus (Mannerheim, 1852) and Pseudips mexicanus (Hopkins, 1905). Morphological variation has been observed among some populations which has challenged species boundaries. We conducted a review of morphological characters and reconstructed a DNA-based phylogeny of individuals from multiple, widely disjunct locations to test the limits of the three species. A mostly resolved DNA-based phylogeny demonstrated reciprocal monophyly for Canadian/US and Mexican populations, no overlap of inter- and intraspecific pairwise COI DNA sequence differences, and corroborated diagnostic morphological characters. In addition, >10% COI DNA sequence difference as well as diagnostic morphological characters were observed between P. orientalis individuals from Tibet and Qinghai, China. As a result, Pseudips radiatae (Hopkins, 1915), status restored is resurrected from synonymy with P. mexicanus and Pseudips yak Cognato and Smith, new species is described. Potential prehistoric environmental scenarios contributing to Pseudips speciation are discussed.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.011 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it