CLIMATE CHANGE AND HEALTH: UNRAVELLING GENDERED IMPACTS FOR EQUITABLE RESILIENCE
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Climate change will profoundly impact global health, putting billions at increased risk. Earth's average surface temperature is projected to exceed the safe limit of 2°C above pre-industrial levels. Higher latitudes like northern Canada, Greenland, and Siberia may experience even greater temperature rises of 4–5°C. The report identifies significant health threats, including changing disease patterns, water, and food insecurity, vulnerable settlements, extreme weather events, and population growth and migration. While direct risks from vector-borne diseases and heatwaves are evident, the most significant health impacts are likely to result indirectly from changes in water and food availability and the frequency of extreme climatic events (Watts et al., 2018). Despite the pressing concern for global health, the gendered dimensions of climate change's impact remain largely overlooked. This review addresses this gap by examining gender-specific health impacts and underlying socio-cultural factors exacerbating vulnerability. It highlights disparities in women's and men's health outcomes concerning food security, water and sanitation, vector-borne diseases, mental health, and reproductive health. Synthesizing evidence from diverse regions and case studies reveals distinct vulnerabilities faced by women. 'Intersectionality' is now a crucial aspect of feminist scholarship, driving extensive research and academic engagement, revolutionizing feminist and gender studies since the late 1980s (Salem, 2018). Guided by feminist theory, the review analyzes climate change and health impacts through a gendered lens, revealing disparities in nutrition, access to clean water, and mental health risks women face, especially in disaster-prone regions. Gender-inclusive mental health interventions are essential during and after climate-related disasters. The review highlights climate-induced disruptions to reproductive health services, increasing maternal mortality rates in vulnerable regions. The feminist theory prioritizes family planning and reproductive health in climate-resilience strategies to protect women's rights and well-being. Promising gender-responsive climate policies empower women as change agents, leading to effective resilience measures and sustainable solutions. Integrating gender-specific data collection is crucial to address women's unique vulnerabilities. In conclusion, this review underscores the critical importance of recognizing the gendered impacts of climate change on health. Integrating gender perspectives into climate change policies is essential to achieve equitable health outcomes and enhance overall resilience. Guided by the feminist theory, we call for concerted efforts at local, national, and global levels to prioritize gender-responsive climate policies, thereby promoting the health and well-being of all and fostering a more sustainable and just future.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.006 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.007 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".