Exploring Hydraulic Impacts of Downstream Water Levels on the Drainage Capacity of a Stormwater Pipe
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper designs and builds a stormwater pipe-river/channel experimental system at the first attempt to observe hydraulic dynamics between pipe flow and downstream water levels under different steady state conditions. In addition, a three-dimensional (3D) model is developed to facilitate the understanding of this complex hydraulic interaction, and the reliability of a widely used one-dimensional (1D) model is first investigated. Experiment and simulation results show that (1) a high downstream water level can increase pipe flow capacity at the early stage, and the pipe flow is followed by a slightly downward trend and finally rapidly decreased, (2) pipe flows exhibit complex behaviors during the transition from nonfull to full pipe flow by altering flow area and velocity, and (3) the observed flows are significantly lower than those from the 1D model for the nonfull pipe flow scenario. This study offers insights to the underlying complex hydraulic properties between pipe flows and downstream water levels, and also shows that the 1D model is insufficient to reveal such an interaction process, which may underestimate the urban flooding risk.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".