Theropod teeth palaeodiversity from the uppermost Cretaceous of the South Pyrenean Basin (NE Iberia) and the intra-Maastrichtian faunal turnover
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The South Pyrenean Basin has yielded abundant dinosaur and penecontemporaneous vertebrate fossils, becoming one of the most important areas in Europe for the study of these faunas. The studied isolated theropod teeth from the Western Tremp Syncline (NE Iberia) were recovered from the uppermost Maastrichtian (topmost Arén and Tremp formations). The studies conducted have led to the identification of eight tooth morphotypes, which are referred to cf. Paronychodon, cf. Richardoestesia, an abelisaurid, a dromaeosaurid, and a non-dromaeosaurid paravian. Together with the previously reported troodontid and ornithuromorph, this study increases the known theropod palaeobiodiversity in the area to seven taxa. The latest Maastrichtian theropod fauna of the Western Tremp Syncline is thus composed of a medium to large-sized abelisaurid as well as a high diversity of small-bodied early-branching coelurosaurians and avialans, as seen in other Ibero-Armorican localities. Revision of the literature concerning the theropods of the Ibero-Armorican domain indicates that, although similar theropod groups were present before, during, and after the intra-Maastrichtian faunal turnover (an event constrained to between the early Maastrichtian and the early late Maastrichtian; lower part of C31r to the C30r/C30n reversal), there were changes in the abelisaurid, dromaeosaurid, and large avialan assemblages, as well as in the proportions of indeterminate paravian and cf. Richardoestesia morphotypes, with the presence of troodontids only recorded in post-turnover faunas. These changes suggest that theropods might have been affected by the turnover event. Nevertheless, further studies and more complete specimens could shed more light on the effects of this faunal turnover, and on the affinities and palaeobiodiversity of the latest Cretaceous Ibero-Armorican theropods.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".