Comorbid disorders and risk factors for neiropathic pain in distal diabetic polyneuropathy
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) is the most common complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). In 50% of cases, DPN is accompanied by neuropathic pain. Recently, the influence of comorbid disorders, which often determine the course of DPN, has been actively studied. Objective. To analyze comorbid disorders and risk factors for the development of pain syndrome in patients with DPN. Material and methods. In 40 patients with a painful form of DPN, the severity of symptoms of polyneuropathy was assessed using the Neuropathy Total Symptom Score-9 (NTSS-9), the Neuropathy Impairment Score in the Lower Limbs (NIS-LL), the Toronto Clinical Neuropathy Score (TCNS). The assessment of the intensity of the pain syndrome was carried out using a visual analog scale (VAS). For a comprehensive assessment of the emotional status of patients, the Beck’s Depression Inventory, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form (IPAQ-SF), and the 12-item Short Form Survey for quality of life were used. Results. The relationship between the intensity of pain and the level of depression (r=0.785, p<0.001), as well as the degree of anxiety disorders (r=0.753, p<0.001) was revealed, which indicates the catastrophization of pain syndrome in patients with reduced mental health. The increase in scores on the NTSS-9 scale corresponded to low scores on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) (r=0.489, p=0.04) and the Münsterberg’s test (r= –0.476, p=0.04), which indicates the participation of cognitive disorders in the formation of a subjective assessment of pain syndrome. The relationship between the degree of insomnia and polyneuropathic syndrome on the NIS-LL and PSQI scales (r=0.641, p<0.001) was one of the most significant, indicating an important effect of sleep disorders on the pain symptoms of DPN. The relationship between the severity of the pain syndrome and the duration of DM was not found. Conclusion. The influence of emotional disorders, cognitive disorders, insomnia on the severity of pain syndrome in diabetic polyneuropathy was revealed. Diagnosis and effective treatment of comorbid disorders can be effective for reducing pain in diabetic polyneuropathy.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it