Aircraft Activities and Ultrafine Particle Concentrations near a City Airport: Insights from a Measurement Campaign in Toronto, Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study investigates the relationship between aircraft activities and ultrafine particle (UFP) concentrations near a regional airport in Toronto, Canada, positioned within a mile southwest of a densely populated downtown neighborhood. The analysis particularly considers the effect of the southerly winds on the UFP emissions from the airport. To achieve this, we conducted a measurement campaign at five locations between June 2022 and August 2022. Concurrently, detailed aircraft activity data were collected. Turboprop and propeller aircraft were the predominant categories. Results indicate a 20% increase in mean UFP levels north of the airport when winds originated from the south or southwest, coinciding with aircraft predominantly taking off eastward and landing westward on the runway. Smaller, older aircraft, often used for flight training and corporate travel, significantly contributed to UFP spikes, surpassing 50000 particles/cm 3 . In contrast, the prevalent large commercial aircraft had a lesser impact on UFP spikes. Airport activities are the primary source of UFP in the neighborhood. Under southerly winds, at the Ferry Terminal near the airport, diesel ferry operations, background UFP levels, and airport activities contributed 8%, 32%, and 60% of UFP concentrations, respectively.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".