Analysis of Globotriaosylceramide (Gb<sub>3</sub>) in Liquid Urine: A Straightforward Assay Using Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Fabry disease (FD) is a lysosomal storage disorder caused by variants in the GLA gene encoding α‐galactosidase A, an enzyme required for catabolism of globotriaosylceramide (Gb 3 ). Accumulation of Gb 3 in patients’ cells, tissues, and biological fluids causes clinical manifestations including ventricular hypertrophy, renal insufficiency, and strokes. This protocol describes a methodology to analyze urinary Gb 3 and creatinine. Samples are diluted with an internal standard solution containing Gb 3 (C17:0) and creatinine‐D 3 , centrifuged, and directly analyzed by ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC‐MS/MS) using an 8.7‐min method. Eight Gb 3 isoforms [C16:0, C18:0, C20:0, C22:1, C22:0, C24:1, C24:0, and (C24:0)OH] are analyzed and the total is normalized to creatinine. Confirmation ions are monitored to detect potential interferences. The Gb 3 limit of quantification is 0.023 µg/ml. Its interday coefficients of variation (3 concentrations measured) are ≤15.4%. This method minimizes matrix effects (≤6.5%) and prevents adsorption or precipitation of Gb 3 . Urine samples are stable (bias <15%) for 2 days at 21°C, 7 days at 4°C, and 4 freeze/thaw cycles, whereas prepared samples are stable for 5 days at 21°C, and 14 days at 4°C. The Gb 3 /creatinine age‐related upper reference limits (mean + 2 standard deviations) are 29 mg/mol creatinine (<7 years) and 14 mg/mol creatinine (≥7 years). This simple, robust protocol has been fully validated (ISO 15189) and provides a valuable tool for diagnosis and monitoring of FD patients. © 2024 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol : Analysis of urinary globotriaosylceramide (Gb 3 ) and creatinine by UHPLC‐MS/MS Support Protocol 1 : Preparation of the urinary quality controls Support Protocol 2 : Preparation of the urine matrix used for the Gb 3 calibration curve Support Protocol 3 : Preparation of the Gb 3 calibrators Support Protocol 4 : Preparation of the working solution containing the internal standards Support Protocol 5 : Preparation of the creatinine calibrators Support Protocol 6 : Preparation of the UHPLC solutions and mobile phases
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".