Refractive Index Determination and Air-Void Characterization of BNNT Assembly Using Optical Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The optical and structural properties of boron nitride nanotube (BNNT) assembly were characterized using optical fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors. FBGs were fabricated in tapered fibers with a diameter of less than$30~\mu $m. After tapered fibers were etched in hydrofluoric acid solution for a few minutes, BNNTs were then deposited on the fibers through a dip-coating process. The Bragg wavelengths of the FBGs were measured before and after BNNT coating such that the effective refractive index (RI) of the guided fundamental HE11 mode in the fiber was obtained. By numerical modeling of the dependence of HE11 mode effective RI on the RI of the surrounding material, both the RI and the air void content of BNNT coating were obtained. To verify the accuracy of the modeling results, a FBG sensor fabricated in a tapered fiber was immerged in various RI standard solutions and the corresponding Bragg wavelengths were measured and compared to numerical simulations. It was shown that the experimental data agreed well with simulation results.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".