Myxomatous mitral valve disease in Labrador Retrievers and Golden Retrievers
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To characterize myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) in Labrador Retrievers (LRs) and Golden Retrievers (GRs). METHODS: 52 LRs and 20 GRs diagnosed with MMVD composed a retrospective study sample (February 1, 2010, to July 31, 2021). Stored echocardiograms were remeasured. Dogs were staged by 2019 MMVD consensus guidelines. RESULTS: Mean age was 9.9 years in LRs and 9.5 years in GRs, with 31 of 52 LRs (59.6%) and 13 of 20 (65.0%) GRs being male. Forty-six LRs were stage B1 (88.5%), 3 were B2 (5.8%), and 3 were C (5.8%). Fourteen GRs were stage B1 (70.0%), 2 were B2 (10.0%), and 4 were C (20.0%). Of LRs and GRs in stage B2/C, 50% had systolic dysfunction. Atrial fibrillation (AF) and ventricular arrhythmias were identified in 2 of 52 (3.8%) and 10 of 52 (19.2%) LRs at initial diagnosis versus 3 of 20 (15.0%) and 3 of 20 (15.0%) GRs, respectively. All 5 AF dogs were stage C, with intermediate to high probability of pulmonary hypertension. Two additional GRs developed AF during follow-up; thus 5 of 6 (83.3%) stage B2/C GRs ultimately experienced AF. Subjective mitral valve thickening was frequent in both breeds (41/52 LRs [78.8%]; 18/20 GRs [90.0%]), while mitral valve prolapse was more common in LRs (22/52 [42.3%]) than GRs (5/20 [25.0%]). Conclusions: In LRs and GRs, MMVD was relatively late onset, with males overrepresented. Both breeds exhibited mitral valve thickening in association with MMVD, while LRs more commonly exhibited mitral valve prolapse. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: While most LRs and GRs with MMVD were stage B1, those in stage B2/C had increased prevalence of systolic dysfunction and AF.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".