Inorganic phosphate additives in meals and adaptations to 5-days of dietary inorganic phosphate loading alter acute calcium homeostasis in two randomized cross-over studies in healthy adults
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Diets containing inorganic phosphate additives are unbalanced with respect to calcium and these diets have been linked to the development of altered bone metabolism. Using 2 randomized cross-over studies in healthy humans, we (1) characterized the hormonal and urinary response to 2 meals with the same reported phosphorus amount (562-572 mg), where one was manufactured with inorganic phosphate additives and a comparatively lower Ca:P molar ratio (0.26 vs 0.48), and (2) assessed how acute homeostatic mechanisms adapt following 5-d exposure to recommended dietary phosphorus amount (~700 mg P/d) compared to a diet enriched with inorganic phosphate additives (~1100 mg P/d). Participants were then challenged with 500 mg of oral phosphorus in the form of inorganic phosphate after an overnight fast following each diet condition. Measurements included serum calcium, phosphate, PTH, and fibroblast growth factor 23 , vitamin D metabolites, and urine calcium and phosphate excretion. Following the meal containing inorganic phosphate additives with a low Ca:P ratio, serum phosphate was higher and more phosphate was excreted in the urine compared to the low additive meal. Although the Ca:P and calcium content was lower in the high additive meal, the same amount of calcium was excreted into the urine. Subsequently, increasing only dietary phosphate through additives resulted in lower 24-h excretion of calcium. The oral phosphate challenge promoted urinary calcium excretion, despite no consumption of calcium, which was attenuated when pre-acclimated to a high phosphate diet. These data suggest that ingestion of inorganic phosphate promotes calcium excretion, but homeostatic mechanisms may exist to reduce calcium excretion that are responsive to dietary intake of phosphate. Future studies are required to evaluate potential implication of diets enriched with inorganic phosphate additives on bone health.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".