Impact of a simulated multiday heatwave on nocturnal physiology, behavior, and sleep: a 10-day confinement study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study investigated the impact of a multiday heatwave on nocturnal physiology, behavior, and sleep under controlled conditions with comprehensive monitoring of environmental factors and participant activities. Seven young healthy males were confined for 10 days in controlled conditions that ranged between hot-to-warm (day: 35.4 °C, night: 26.3 °C) during nights 4–6 and temperate (day: 25.4 °C, night: 22.3 °C) before (nights 1–3) and after (nights 7–10) the heatwave. Measurements included core and skin temperatures, heart rate, sympathovagal balance, vasomotion indicators, urine samples, blanket coverage, subjective sleep assessments, and partial polysomnography. The average nocturnal core temperature was 0.2 °C higher during and after the heatwave compared to the pre-heatwave period, with this difference being more pronounced (+0.3 °C) in the first 2 h of sleep ( p < 0.001). For every 0.1 °C rise in overnight core temperature, the total sleep time decreased by 14 min (pseudo- R2 = 0.26, p = 0.01). The elevated core temperatures occurred despite the participants exhibiting evident thermoregulatory behavior, as they covered 30% less body surface during the heatwave compared to pre- and post-heatwave periods ( p < 0.001). During the heatwave, mean skin temperature at bedtime was 1.3 °C higher than pre-heatwave and 0.8 °C higher than post-heatwave periods ( p < 0.001). No differences in other responses, including heart rate and vasomotion indicators, were observed. The paper details a 20-min sleepwalking episode that was coupled with marked changes in sleepwalker’s thermophysiological responses. In conclusion, the simulated heatwave resulted in higher overnight core temperature which was associated with reduced total sleep time. Behavioral thermoregulation during sleep may serve as a defense against these effects, though more research is needed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".