Multiparameter neuroimaging study of neurovascular coupling changes in patients with end‐stage renal disease
Bibliographic record
Abstract
PURPOSE: To assess changes in neurovascular coupling (NVC) by evaluating the relationship between cerebral perfusion and brain connectivity in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) undergoing hemodialysis versus in healthy control participants. And by exploring brain regions with abnormal NVC associated with cognitive deficits in patients, we aim to provide new insights into potential preventive and therapeutic interventions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 45 patients and 40 matched healthy controls were prospectively enrolled in our study. Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) was used to assess cognitive function. Arterial spin labeling (ASL) was used to calculate cerebral blood flow (CBF), and graph theory-based analysis of results from resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) was used to calculate brain network topological parameters (node betweenness centrality [BC], node efficiency [Ne], and node degree centrality [DC]). Three NVC biomarkers (CBF-BC, CBF-Ne, and CBF-DC coefficients) at the whole brain level and 3 NVC biomarkers (CBF/BC, CBF/Ne, and CBF/DC ratios) at the local brain region level were used to assess NVC. Mann-Whitney U tests were used to compare the intergroup differences in NVC parameters. Spearman's correlation analysis was used to evaluate the relationship among NVC dysfunctional pattern, cognitive impairment, and clinical characteristics multiple comparisons were corrected using a voxel-wise false-discovery rate (FDR) method (p < .05). RESULTS: Patients showed significantly reduced global coupling coefficients for CBF-Ne (p = .023) and CBF-BC (p = .035) compared to healthy controls. Coupling ratios at the local brain region level were significantly higher in patients in 33 brain regions (all p values < .05). Coupling ratio changes alone or accompanied by changes in CBF, node properties, or both CBF and node properties were identified. In patients, negative correlations were seen between coupling ratios and MoCA scores in many brain regions, including the left dorsolateral superior frontal gyrus, the bilateral median cingulate and paracingulate gyri, and the right superior parietal gyrus. The correlations remained even after adjusting for hemoglobin and hematocrit levels. CONCLUSION: Disrupted NVC may be one mechanism underlying cognitive impairment in dialysis patients.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".