Role of cold shock proteins B and D in <i>Aeromonas salmonicida</i> subsp. <i>salmonicida</i> physiology and virulence in lumpfish ( <i>Cyclopterus lumpus</i> )
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT Cold shock proteins (Csp) are pivotal nucleic acid binding proteins known for their crucial roles in the physiology and virulence of various bacterial pathogens affecting plant, insect, and mammalian hosts. However, their significance in bacterial pathogens of teleost fish remains unexplored. Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida (hereafter A. salmonicida ) is a psychrotrophic pathogen and the causative agent of furunculosis in marine and freshwater fish. Four csp genes ( cspB, cspD, cspA , and cspC ) have been identified in the genome of A. salmonicida J223 (wild type). Here, we evaluated the role of DNA binding proteins, CspB and CspD, in A. salmonicida physiology and virulence in lumpfish ( Cyclopterus lumpus ). A. salmonicida Δ cspB , Δ cspD , and the double Δ cspB Δ cspD mutants were constructed and characterized. A. salmonicida Δ cspB and Δ cspB Δ cspD mutants showed a faster growth at 28°C, and reduced virulence in lumpfish. A. salmonicida Δ cspD showed a slower growth at 28°C, biofilm formation, lower survival in low temperatures and freezing conditions (−20°C, 0°C, and 4°C), deficient in lipopolysaccharide synthesis, and low virulence in lumpfish. Additionally, Δ cspB Δ cspD mutants showed less survival in the presence of bile compared to the wild type. Transcriptome analysis revealed that 200, 37, and 921 genes were differentially expressed in Δ cspB , Δ cspD , and Δ cspB Δ cspD, respectively. In Δ cspB and Δ cspB Δ cspD virulence genes in the chromosome and virulence plasmid were downregulated. Our analysis indicates that CspB and CspD mostly act as a transcriptional activator, influencing cell division (e.g., treB ), virulence factors (e.g., aexT ), and ultimately virulence.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".