Versatile synthesis of cellulose film with excellent electrothermal/photothermal dual responsiveness by introducing MXene and small molecule self-assembled nanosphere
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Plant-derived biomaterials have great application prospects in solving environmental pollution and sustainable resource utilization, but the insufficient mechanical strength and lack of functional responsiveness often limit their further development. Inspired by natural small molecules functionalization, a vacuum-assisted filtration nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC)-based film with excellent antibacterial properties, mechanical strength, and electrothermal/photothermal dual-responsiveness was fabricated. As a natural bioactive molecule, antibacterial cinnamaldehyde (CA) is grafted onto tannic acid (TA) rich in pyrogallols via a small molecule self-assembly strategy, and then co-assembled with zinc acetate (ZA) through ion crosslinking to synthesize the functional TACA@ZA nanospheres. After incorporating the MXene and TACA@ZA, an inorganic-organic 3D network system was established in the NFC matrix through dynamic intermolecular hydrogen bonding and strong ionic cross-linking. The mechanical strength and toughness of hybrid composites are remarkably improved by 83.6 % and 418.9 %, respectively. Due to the synergistic effects of MXene and TACA@ZA, the designed NFC-based film also shows significantly enhanced antibacterial activity, UV-blocking ability, as well as photothermal and electrothermal performance. This bioinspired small molecule functionalization strategy opens an innovative design concept for the fabrication of multirole NFC-based biomaterials, which has great application prospects in the commercial fields of multifunctional adhesives, electronic devices, UV shielding coatings, and antibacterial materials.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".