The Effect of Yoga on Basic Cognitive Functions in Children with ADHD: A Three-Month Follow-up Study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction: Yoga is a form of relaxation and refers to integration of coordinated movements of the body with the mind. It is a mixture of specific physical movements, breathing and mental concentration and many of its movements are used in rehabilitation and physiotherapy. Evidence suggests that yoga can improve several cognitive areas, for instance working memory, attention and behavioral control and a range of executive functions including cognitive flexibility and problem-solving.Objectives: We studied the effect of an 8-week yoga program along with methylphenidate, on the basic cognitive functions of children with ADHD, including attention and working memory, during three months.Methods: Those patients who had not received medication for at least 6 months were randomly divided into the methylphenidate group (n=21), who received only methylphenidate from the beginning to the end of the study, or the methylphenidate + yoga group (n=19), who also participated in an 8-week yoga program. Selective and divided attention, working memory, and plasma concentrations of methylphenidate were assessed at the beginning of the study (pre-test), and one month (post-test) and three months (follow up) after the end of the yoga program in all patients. Results: The results showed that yoga exercise combined with Methylphenidate led to an increase in Working Memory, selective and divided attention. Also, there was a significant positive correlation between plasma concentrations of methylphenidate and basic cognitive functions.Conclusion: It seems that adjusting the dose of methylphenidate as well as the duration of the yoga program can stabilize the improvement. Future studies will shed light on this issue.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".