Ultrasound-assisted food-grade double emulsion system for vitamin E and omega-3 encapsulation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Double emulsions are widely employed to encapsulate oxygen sensitive compounds. Low-frequency ultrasound (20 kHz) was used to design a novel food-grade O/W/O double emulsion delivery system with TFE (tannins-free extracts) and 1% psyllium husk. Three and nine distinct formulations were created to form single and double emulsions, respectively. The optimal formulation was 81% sunflower oil and 19% psyllium husk (1% concentration) for double emulsion. The additional TFE delayed lipid oxidation in the emulsion, as indicated by the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) values. Microstructural evaluation of the TEF double emulsion used optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The TEF double emulsion showed a zeta-potential of 23.25(mV) ±3.465. The feasibility of TFE double emulsion delivery system was investigated by encapsulating vitamin E (α-tocopherol) and omega-3 fatty acids. The ORAC values of the TFE double emulsions containing omega-3 or vitamin E were 371.06±15.31 and 378.32±11.23 μM Trolox/g, respectively, and remained stable after 30 days of storage.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".