A Unified Model of Cyclic Shear–Volume Coupling and Excess Pore Water Pressure Generation for Sandy Soils under Various Cyclic Loading Patterns
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Accurate prediction of excess pore water pressure (EPWP) generation in saturated sandy soils remains one of the most challenging issues in sandy site responses to strong earthquakes and extreme marine environments. This paper presents experimental results of undrained and drained multidirectional cyclic hollow cylinder (MCHC) tests on saturated coral sandy soils under various cyclic loadings. The results show that threshold generalized shear strain γga,th, below which EPWP and volumetric strain can be neglected, is an inherent property depending only on the soil type and initial state. Furthermore, there exists a virtually unique form of relationships between the generalized shear strain amplitude (γga) and the cumulative dissipated energy per unit volume of soil (Wc) at different relative density (Dr), irrespective of drainage conditions and cyclic loading conditions. These findings highlight the fundamental mechanism for cyclic deformation behavior and the uniqueness of correlations among rup (peak EPWP ratio), εvp (peak volumetric strain), and γga of saturated sandy soil at the similar Dr, regardless of cyclic loading conditions. Based on these findings, a novel unified model of γga-based cyclic shear–volume coupling and EPWP generation is established, which is independent of cyclic loading conditions over a wide loading frequency range. Then the applicability of the proposed model is validated by the experimental data of the same tested coral sandy soil and siliceous Ottawa sand, as well as the data of siliceous fine sands in previous work. It is found that the proposed model surpasses the existing strain- and stress-based models in accurately predicting EPWP generation under complex cyclic loadings, which can offer new insights into the mechanisms of the EPWP generation in saturated sandy soils.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".