Detection of Lawsonia intracellularis by oral fluids and fecal samples in Canadian swine
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objectives: The study objectives were to 1) describe the proportion of Lawsonia intracellularis-positive samples in unvaccinated and vaccinated Canadian swine herds during the mid- and late-finishing phases; 2) compare the probability of detecting L intracellularis by quantitative polymerase chain reaction using fecal samples (FS) and oral fluids (OF); and 3) investigate risk factors of L intracellularis detection using FS and OF. Material and methods: Site demographics and vaccination protocols were obtained from 40 Canadian swine sites via questionnaire. Three OF and 3 FS were collected per site once during the mid-finisher (15-17 wk of age) and once during the late-finisher (20-22 wk of age) production stages. Results: Half of all investigated production sites were positive for L intracellularis. A 2-fold increase in L intracellularis detection rate was observed for OF compared to FS (odds ratio = 2.36; 95% CI, 1.24-4.49; P = .009). The presence of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) had a 5-fold increased risk of L intracellularis positivity compared to sites without PCV2 (incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 4.99; 95% CI, 1.29-20.23; P = .02). A higher positive rate was found for sites with L intracellularis outbreaks within the last 2 years (IRR = 3.08; 95% CI, 1.51-6.37; P = .002). Implications: This study presents evidence that OF may have a higher detection rate compared to FS for L intracellularis. Herds with PCV2 or exposure to recent L intracellularis outbreaks may be at increased risk of harboring L intracellularis and warrant additional investigation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".