Comparative sperm morphology of 15 species of limpet (Mollusca: Patellogastropoda: Lottioidea) and correlation with current systematics and phylogenies
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT The spermatozoa of 14 species (four genera) of Lottiidae and one species of Acmaeidae are described by transmission electron microscopy. All have ect-aquasperm, which are relatively small, morphologically simple, free-swimming sperm produced by species with external fertilization. Based on the size, shape and structure of the nucleus and acrosome, as well as features of the mid-piece, several morphological sperm ‘types’ are recognized within the species of Lottioidea described by the present and several previous studies. Sperm morphology largely supports current taxonomy as well as systematic and phylogenetic relationships. However, the morphology of the sperm of Lottia dorsuosa suggests that its generic status should be re-examined. The sperm morphology of Niveotectura pallida (formerly Acmaea pallida) is more similar to that of species of Tectura than of Acmaea mitra, supporting the current placement of N. pallida in the Lottiidae. This result is at odds with the close relationship between N. pallida and A. mitra indicated by recent phylogenies based on molecular data.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".