The effect of flow rate on sonoporation within individual <i>ex vivo</i> mesenteric arteries
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study investigates the impact of vascular flow rate on the efficiency of sonoporation in viable mesenteric arteries ((391 ± 35) μm in intralumenal diameter), shedding light on the applications of ultrasound and microbubble-mediated (USMB) therapies. Isolated viable rat mesenteric arteries, which retained physiological functionality, exhibited reversible responses to vasoactive agents when mounted on a pressure myograph throughout the experiments. We then subjected these vessels to ultrasound (2.25 MHz) and microbubble treatment (Definity) under varied acoustic and flow conditions and assessed sonoporation through propidium iodide (PI) fluorescence microscopy. Results disclosed a strong correlation between microbubble flow rate, duty cycle, and sonoporation efficiency. Higher flow rates and duty cycles were associated with increased PI-positive cell counts, signifying more efficient cellular permeability. Post-treatment viability assays affirmed vessel integrity. These findings underscore the pivotal role of vascular flow rate in shaping therapeutic efficacy within individual vessels. The implications extend to refining USMB therapies in diverse disease scenarios, emphasizing the necessity for meticulous parameter selection to ensure both effectiveness and safety. Overall, the study furnishes valuable insights for enhancing the success and applicability of USMB-based therapeutic approaches in cardiovascular and oncological contexts.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".