Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The synthesis of isotopically labeled organic molecules is vital for drug and agrochemical discovery and development. Carbon isotope exchange is emerging as a leading method to generate carbon-labeled targets, which are sought over hydrogen-based labels due to their enhanced stability in biological systems. While many bioactive small molecules bear carbon-containing stereocenters, direct enantioselective carbon isotope exchange reactions have not been established. We describe the first example of an enantioselective carbon isotope exchange reaction, where (radio)labeled α-amino acids can be generated from their unlabeled precursors using a stoichiometric chiral aldehyde receptor with isotopically labeled CO 2 followed by imine hydrolysis. Many proteinogenic and non-natural derivatives undergo enantioselective labeling, including the late-stage radiolabeling of complex drug targets.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it