Efficient Poling‐Free Wavelength Conversion in Thin Film Lithium Niobate Harnessing Bound States in the Continuum
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Over the past two decades, there has been a surge of interest in photonic integrated circuits (PICs) to enable low‐cost industrial mass manufacture of miniaturized optical systems while simultaneously improving performance and energy efficiency following the trajectory of electronics and large‐scale integration. An essential characteristic of any PIC lies in the ability of waveguides to efficiently confine light. The phenomenon of bound states in the continuum (BIC) shows promise in achieving confinement of light for modes that otherwise would suffer from high leakage losses, which can occur in many PIC platforms. In this contribution, the usefulness of operating near a BIC to achieve efficient second harmonic generation of ≈300% W −1 cm −2 in Silicon Nitride (SiN) loaded lithium niobate on insulator (LNOI) waveguides without needing to either pole or etch the lithium niobate is experimentally demonstrated. The guided fundamental mode is phase matched at the telecom wavelength to a higher order mode at the second harmonic wavelength that is engineered as a bound state in the continuum to mitigate leakage losses. This demonstrates the promise of using BIC in weakly confining waveguides for nonlinear optical applications all while avoiding the poling process by engineering waveguide geometry.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".