Displacement-Based Seismic Design and Assessment of Friction-Dissipating Light-Timber Frames Coupled with a Self-Centering CLT Wall
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A dual structural system for low-to-medium-rise buildings is examined, comprising light-timber frames (LTF) coupled with a cross-laminated timber (CLT) wall. To enhance the energy-dissipating capacity of LTF featuring pinching behavior, friction sheathing-to-frame connections have been proposed in place of conventional nail connectors. The resulting friction LTFs (FLTF) exhibit sustainably rich hysteresis loops that significantly enhance energy dissipation capacity. Nevertheless, the friction-dissipating mechanism leads to nonuniform story drift distributions and residual drifts in multistory FLTF buildings. To address this issue, a CLT wall with self-centering hold-down connections is coupled to the multistory FLTF building for imposing uniform story drifts and for reducing residual drifts. A direct displacement-based design (DDBD) approach is employed to design the dual CLT-FLTF system and ensure (i.e., impose) uniform seismic demand across the height of the building. Nonlinear-time-history analysis (NTHA) and incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) show that the DDBD approach can lead to safe designs and effectively control the displacements of the proposed dual system.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".