Asbestos-Related lung Cancer: An underappreciated oncological issue
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Asbestos, a group of class I (WHO) carcinogenic fibers, is the main cause of mesothelioma. Asbestos inhalation also increases the risk to develop other solid tumours with lung cancer as the most prominent example [91Zona A. Fazzo L. Benedetti M. Bruno C. Vecchi S. Pasetto R. Di Fonzo D. SENTIERI-Epidemiological study of residents in National Priority Contaminated Sites. Sixth report.Epidemiol. Prev. 2023; 47: 1-286https://doi.org/10.19191/EP23.1-2-S1.003Crossref PubMed Scopus (0) Google Scholar]. The incidence of asbestos-related lung cancer (ARLC) is estimated to be to six times larger than the mesothelioma incidence thereby becoming an important health issue [86Villeneuve P.J. Parent M.E. Harris S.A. Johnson K.C. Canadian Canc R. Occupational exposure to asbestos and lung cancer in men: evidence from a population-based case-control study in eight Canadian provinces.BMC Cancer. 2012; 12595https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2407-12-595Crossref PubMed Scopus (33) Google Scholar]. Although the pivotal role of asbestos in inducing lung cancer is well established, the precise causal relationships between exposures to asbestos, tobacco smoke, radon and ‘particulate’ (PM2.5) air pollution remain obscure and new knowledge is needed to establish appropriate preventive measures and to tailor existing screening practices[22Finnish Institute of Occupational Health. (2014). Asbestos, asbestosis, and cancer: Helsinki criteria for diagnosis and attribution 2014. https://www.ttl.fi/sites/default/files/2023-04/asbestos-asbestosis-and-cancer-book.pdf.Google Scholar, 61Raffn E. Lynge E. Juel K. Korsgaard B. Incidence of cancer and mortality among employees in the asbestos cement industry in Denmark.Occupational and Environmental Medicine. 1989; 46: 90-96https://doi.org/10.1136/oem.46.2.90Crossref Scopus (100) Google Scholar, 65Røe O.D. Stella G.M. Malignant pleural mesothelioma: history, controversy, and future of a man-made epidemic.Asbestos and Mesothelioma. 2017; 73–101https://doi.org/10.1183/09059180.00007014Crossref Scopus (137) Google Scholar]. We hypothesize that a part of the increasing numbers of lung cancer diagnoses in never-smokers can be explained by (historic and current) exposures to asbestos as well as combinations of different forms of air pollution (PM2.5, asbestos and silica).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.009 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".