Dual-wavelength dye laser combined with betamethasone injection for treatment of keloids: protocol of a randomised controlled trial
Bibliographic record
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Keloids, benign fibroproliferative tumours characterised by excessive fibroblast proliferation and over-deposition of extracellular matrix, pose a therapeutic challenge with high recurrence rates. Betamethasone (diprospan) injection (BI) is one of the most common non-invasive therapies for keloids. Pulsed dye laser (PDL) has the function of closing microvessels, which may become one of the auxiliary treatment methods of BI and may enhance its curative effect. Some studies suggest that the combination of a dual-wavelength dye laser (DWL) and BI may offer superior efficacy. This randomised controlled trial aims to evaluate whether the combined therapy of DWL+BI outperforms BI alone in treating keloids. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: This single-centre, parallel positive control, randomised trial evaluates the efficacy and safety of DWL (585 nm PDL+1064 nm neodymium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet) combined with BI for keloid treatment. Enrolling 66 adult patients, participants are randomised into DWL+BI or BI groups in a 1:1 ratio. Over 12 weeks, each group undergoes four treatment sessions, ensuring blinding for outcome assessors. Data collection occurs at multiple time points (4, 12, 24 and 52 weeks), with primary outcomes assessing the Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS) improvement rate 24 weeks after the last intervention. Secondary outcomes include VSS improvement rates, changes in keloid volume, changes in relative perfusion index measured by laser speckle contrast imaging, Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale results and patient satisfaction. Safety assessments include vital signs, laboratory tests, pregnancy tests and self-reports of adverse reactions. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The results will be presented in peer-reviewed journals and at international conferences. This study is approved by the Ethics Committee of Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: Chinese Clinical Trial Register (ChiCTR2400080148).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.025 | 0.026 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.006 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.013 | 0.005 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.007 | 0.006 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.052 | 0.009 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".