Boosted Charge Transfer for Highly Efficient Photosynthesis of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> over Z‐Scheme I<sup>−</sup>/K<sup>+</sup> Co‐Doped g‐C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>/Metal–Organic‐Frameworks in Pure Water under Visible Light
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Photocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is an environmentally friendly and cost‐effective approach for H 2 O 2 synthesis. However, the current photosynthesis system suffers from sluggish kinetics, rapid recombination of photoexcited charge carriers, and weak redox potentials, resulting in unsatisfactory solar‐to‐chemical conversion efficiency. Herein, a Z‐scheme heterojunction (UiO/IKCN) is constructed through coupling I − /K + co‐doped g‐C 3 N 4 (IKCN) with NH 2 ‐UiO‐66, a typical metal‐organic framework material. Under visible light irradiation, the optimal UiO/IKCN exhibits exceptional H 2 O 2 production rates in pure water (13.3 mM g −1 h −1 ) and in isopropanol solution (72.6 mM g −1 h −1 ), that is 48.4 times higher than pristine CN in isopropanol (1.5 mM g −1 h −1 ). A high apparent quantum yield of 10.28% at 420 nm is achieved by UiO/IKCN, surpassing most previously reported values. The dominating role of two‐electron ORR in H 2 O 2 photosynthesis is elucidated in detail. The significantly enhanced photocatalytic activity can be attributed to the facilitated charge separation and Z‐scheme charge transfer, which are unambiguously verified by stable‐state surface photovoltage, transient photoluminescence, femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy, in‐situ irradiated X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and density functional theory calculations. This study represents the first exploration of H 2 O 2 production using NH 2 ‐UiO‐66 and provides insights into the rational design of Z‐scheme heterojunction for highly efficient photosynthesis.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".