Anionic Olefin Metathesis Catalysts Enable Modification of Unprotected Biomolecules in Water
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Stability problems have limited the uptake of cationic olefin metathesis catalysts in chemical biology. Described herein are anionic catalysts that improve water-solubility, robustness, and compatibility with biomolecules such as DNA. A sulfonate tag is installed on the cyclic (alkyl)(amino) carbene (CAAC) ligand platform, chosen for resistance to degradation by nucleophiles, base, water, and β-elimination. Hoveyda-Grubbs catalysts bearing the sulfonated CAAC ligands deliver record productivity in metathesis of unprotected carbohydrates and nucleosides at neutral pH. Decomposed catalyst has negligible impact on metathesis selectivity, whereas N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalysts degrade rapidly in water and cause extensive C=C migration.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".