Higher temperatures are associated with increased asthma-related emergency department visits among children: a time series analysis of environmental exposures in Montreal, Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Asthma exacerbations are a leading cause of emergency department (ED) visits in children. Outdoor exposures such as air pollutants and meteorological factors have been associated with risk of asthma exacerbations. We evaluated the association between ambient temperature, relative humidity, and air quality on pediatric asthma-related ED visits in Montréal, Canada. In this retrospective study, we included children ≤ 17 years presenting with asthma to two pediatric EDs between January 1, 2017 and December 31st, 2020. Temperature and relative humidity data were obtained daily for Montréal through Weather Source™ and the Air Quality Health Index (AQHI) through Environment Canada. We evaluated the association between environmental exposures and the incidence of asthma-related ED visits using a quasi-Poisson regression analysis, adjusting for seasonality. We examined 21 201 asthma-related ED visits. Increased temperature was associated with an increased number of asthma-related ED visits. Compared to the reference decile (2.8 to 7.5⁰C), the strongest association with incident ED visits was for a temperature of 15.8 to 19.3⁰C, associated with a 37% increase in the number of asthma-related ED visits (IRR = 1.37, 95% CI 1.22, 1.54). Current day relative humidity, AQHI, and changes of the exposure levels over the previous 1 to 7 days did not have an effect on asthma-related ED visits. Adjusting for seasonality, higher temperatures were associated with an increased number of asthma-related ED visits among children while humidity and air quality were not. At a population level, this can inform hospitals of upcoming trends in ED visits.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".