Histopathological and molecular confirmation of Porcine Cystic Echinococcosis (CE)/Hydatidosis in Nepal
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction: Cystic echinococcosis/hydatidosis is a cyclo-anthropozoonotic disease (parasitic infestation) of herbivorous animals and human caused by larval stage of Echinococcus tapeworm, belonging to the family Taeniidae. Dogs and some wild carnivores like foxes are definitive hosts harbouring worms in their intestine while herbivorous animals and man are intermediate host. Human acts as the dead-end host of the parasite. It is known that cystic echinococcosis in humans and pigs is prevalent in Nepal. Methods: This study was carried out in Kathmandu valley pig rearing areas. Two cysts found in the pig pancreas were examined by histopathology and molecular analysis. Results: In the histopathological examination, the laminated layers of the cystic walls were strongly stained with PAS, and protoscoleces were observed in the cyst. In the present study, it was first confirmed that two hydatid cysts found in pigs were identified as Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto (sheep strain, E. granulosus G1) by mitochondrial DNA analysis. Conclusions: Molecular analysis is indispensable not only for studying Echinococcus species associated with pathogenicity and clinical manifestation, but also for molecular epidemiology.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".