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Record W4400809420 · doi:10.54991/jop.2024.1874

Rare earth element proxy for distinguishing marine versus freshwater Ediacaran fossils

2024· article· en· W4400809420 on OpenAlexaboutno aff
Gregory J. Retallack

Bibliographic record

VenueJournal of Palaeosciences · 2024
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldEarth and Planetary Sciences
TopicGeochemistry and Elemental Analysis
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsGeologyPaleontologyRare-earth elementProxy (statistics)Earth scienceRare earthComputer science

Abstract

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Ediacaran fossils and sedimentary rocks are controversial for whether they are marine or non-marine, and this study applies the test of light rare earth over heavy rare earth weight ratios (LYREE/HYREE) to a variety of Ediacaran siliciclastic and carbonate fossil matrices. Holocene soils have light-YREE-enriched arrays (LYREE/HYREE>4.8) and modern deep marine clays have heavy-YREE-enriched arrays (LYREE/HYREE<2.7). Flat arrays of fluvial and shallow marine siliciclastic sediments (LYREE/HYREE 2.7-4.8) are indistinguishable by this proxy. This proxy has been applied to a variety of Ediacaran and Cambrian rocks, for which confounding provenance effects were minimized by comparing marine and non-marine pairs within the same formations. Many samples were within the ambiguous zone (LYREE/HYREE 2.7-4.8), but Ediacaran red beds from Newfoundland, and some beds from China, Namibia, central and South Australia showed diagnostic continental, terrestrial LYREE/HYREE weight ratios of 4.8 to 11.3. A grey tempestite from Newfoundland, a grey sandstone from California, and grey dolostones from Australia and Namibia showed marine LYREE/HYREE weight ratios of 2.7 or less, from the same provenance as terrestrial samples. This new criterion for distinguishing marine from non-marine Ediacaran rocks is supported also by boron content, Ge/Si ratios, and eolian interbeds. Furthermore, new analyses correctly interpreted trilobite and Cloudina beds as marine. One surprisingly secure result is that fossiliferous Ediacaran rocks of Newfoundland were not formed in a deep ocean, but on coastal plains. Some fossiliferous Newfoundland beds have LYREE/HYREE weight ratios of as much as 6.0-11.3, found only in paleosols. सारांश एडियाकरन जीवाश्म और तलछटी चट्टानें इस बात को लेकर विवादास्पद हैं कि वे समुद्री हैं या गैर-समुद्री, और यह अध्ययन विभिन्न प्रकार के एडियाकरन सिलिसिलास्टिक और कार्बोनेट जीवाश्म मैट्रिक्स पर भारी दुर्लभ पृथ्वी तत्व भार अनुपात (LYREE/HYREE) पर हल्के दुर्लभ पृथ्वी तत्व का परीक्षण लागू करता है। होलोसीन मृदा में हल्का-YREE-समृद्ध व्यूह (LYREE/ HYREE >4.8) तथा आधुनिक गभीर समुद्री मृदा में भारी-YREE-समृद्ध व्यूह (LYREE/HYREE <2.7) हैं। इस प्रॉक्सी द्वारा नदी और उथले समुद्री सिलिक्लास्टिक तलछट (LYREE/HYREE 2.7-4.8) की सपाट श्रृंखलाएं अप्रभेद्य हैं। इस प्रॉक्सी को विभिन्न प्रकार के एडियाकरन और कैंब्रियन चट्टानों पर लागू किया गया है, जिसके लिए समान संरचनाओं के भीतर समुद्री और गैर-समुद्री जोड़ों की तुलना करके भ्रमित उद्गम प्रभाव को कम किया गया था। संदिग्ध मण्डल (LYREE/HYREE 2.7-4.8) में अनेक नमूने थे परंतु न्यूफ़ाउंडलैंड से प्राप्त ईडियाकारन लाल संस्तरें तथा चीन, नामीबिया, मध्य एवं दक्षिण ऑस्ट्रेलिया से प्राप्त कुछेक संस्तरों ने विभेदक महाद्वीपीय स्थलीय ने 4.8 से 11.3 के LYREE/HYREE भार अनुपात दर्शाए। स्थलीय नमूनों के रूप में उसी उद्गम-क्षेत्र से 2.7 या उससे कम के न्यूफ़ाउंडलैंड से धूसर टेंपेस्टाइट, कैलिफ़ोर्निया से धूसर बलुआ पत्थर एवं ऑस्ट्रेलिया व नामीबिया से धूसर डोलोअश्म समुद्री LYREE/HYREE भार अनुपात दर्शाए। गैर-समुद्री ईडियाकारन शैलों से प्राप्त समुद्री प्रभाव विभेदित करने हेतु यह नूतन मानदंड बोरॉन अंतर्वस्तु, Ge/Si अनुपातों एवं ईओलियन अंतसंस्तरों से भी समर्थित है। और, समुद्री के रूप में व्याख्यायित ट्रिलोबाइट एवं क्लोडिना संस्तरों की सटीक नूतन व्याख्या करता है। विस्मयकारी सुद्रढ़ निष्कर्ष है कि न्यूफ़ाउंडलैंड की जीवाश्ममय ईडियाकारन शैल गहरे महासागर में नहीं गठित हुए थे, परंतु तटीय मैदानों में हुए थे। कुछेक जीवाश्ममय न्यूफ़ाउंडलैंड संस्तरों में 6.0-11.3 जितने के LYREE/HYREE भार अनुपातों के हैं, जो पुरानिखतों में ही व्याप्त हैं।

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.001
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Bench or experimental · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.005
Threshold uncertainty score0.010

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.001
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0020.002
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0010.000
Open science0.0000.001
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0010.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.018
GPT teacher head0.250
Teacher spread0.232 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designBench or experimental
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations8
Published2024
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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