Characterising the molecular epidemiology of human parechovirus in young infants in the UK and Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: We evaluated the extent of virus heterogeneity in PeV infected infants in the UK, Canada and Australia. METHODS: Samples were collected from PeV infected infants during 2013-16. Next generation sequencing was used to obtain sequencing data and construct phylogenetic trees based on analysis of the VP1 region. Comparison was made with sequencing data available from an outbreak in Australia. RESULTS: We amplified and sequenced 58 samples. All obtained PeV sequences were genotype 3 apart from one UK sample which was PeV-A5. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that all strains clustered together on the same clade and showed no significant genetic variation. We saw no significant evidence of association between sequence and either clinical severity (defined by admission to paediatric intensive care), geographical origin (compared between Canada and U.K) or year of sample collection (samples sequenced during 2013 - 2018). CONCLUSIONS: In this small cohort, sequencing data indicate that PeV circulating in the UK and Canada from 2013 to 18 are derived from a common ancestor. No association between disease severity and genetic sequence was seen in the UK or Canadian cohorts. Larger studies are required to support these findings.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".