Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract An alternative model is proposed for hydrodynamic stability of plane parallel flow of an incompressible Newtonian fluid with suspended solid particles. For heavy particle-laden dusty gases with negligible particle volume fraction, the effective complex-form mean velocity in the modified Orr–Sommerfeld equation derived by the present model is showed to be essentially identical to the well-known Saffman's classical results. In the limit cases of small or large Stokes number of particles, simple formulas are derived for the effective Reynolds number ratio of the particle-laden suspension to the clear fluid without particles under otherwise identical conditions. The derived formula for particles of finite particle-to-fluid density ratio and small Stokes number is verified by comparing predicted results with known data, although a comparison of the derived formula with known results for particles of finite density ratio and large Stokes number cannot be made here due to the lack of available data. It is hoped that the present work could offer a conceptually novel and relatively simplified model for hydrodynamics of solid particle–fluid suspensions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".