Bacteria combine polar- and dispersed-growth to power cell elongation and wall width dynamics
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The cell wall is a complex structure. For most bacteria, peptidoglycan is an essential component of their cell wall, with different bacteria having evolved distinct biosynthetic strategies. The mechanisms driving bacterial growth can be divided into three, mutually-exclusive categories: (i) dispersed growth, mediated by MreB and employed by many rod-shaped bacteria; (ii) polar growth, driven by distinct proteins in the actinobacteria and rhizobiales; and (iii) septal growth, fueled by FtsZ in many coccoid bacteria. Here, we show that under conditions of rapid growth, the actinobacterial representative Streptomyces venezuelae transcends these categories, simultaneously employing both canonical polar growth, and MreB-mediated dispersed growth. Our results indicate that MreB is essential for cell wall integrity and culture viability under these growth conditions, promotes dynamic cell wall changes over the course of a growth cycle, and contributes to a wall that is structurally distinct from that of conventionally growing streptomycetes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".