Proceedings of the 15 <sup>th</sup> International Newborn Brain Conference: Long-term outcome studies, developmental care, palliative care, ethical dilemmas, and challenging clinical scenarios in neonatal neurology
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Preterm birth is associated with significant risks for long-term impairments in brain structure and cognitive functions (1). At the microscopic level, the transient inflammatory and hypoxic-ischemic events occurring during premature birth disrupt the development of subplate neurons and pre-oligodendrocytes, both of which play a crucial role in the establishment of thalamo-cortical connections and the maturation of the claustrum (2,3). Altered thalamo-cortical connectivity and claustrum microstructure have previously been reported in preterm-born infants (4,5). This study combines findings from two investigations aiming at exploring the long-term consequences of prematurity on these subplate and pre-oligodendrocyte-dependent systems (6). \nMETHODOLOGY: Thalamo-cortical (TC) and claustro-cortical (CC) connections were reconstructed from diffusion-weighted imaging data using probabilistic tractography. Streamlines were generated between bilateral thalami or claustra and cortical regions of interest (see Figure 1A and 2A-C). Connection probability was chosen as metric of TC structural connectivity in a sample of 67 very preterm (PT) and 70 full-term (FT) born adults while CC connectivity was measured as connection density in 65 PT and 81 FT born adults of the BLS at 26 years. In both studies, cognitive performance was assessed by full-scale intelligence quotient (IQ) using the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale. Additionally, a verbal comprehension subtest score was computed in the first study. Neonatal medical complications were assessed using a standardized optimality scoring system (OPTI). Differences between groups and their associations with prematurity or cognitive variables were performed via ANCOVAs and linear regressions (study 1) or Pearson correlations (study 2) respectively. \nRESULTS: Findings revealed increased connectivity between the left thalamus and left prefrontal cortex in very preterm-born adults, which was associated with both lower birth weight and a lower verbal comprehension score (Figure 1A-B). Furthermore, decreased connectivity between bilateral thalami and temporal cortices in PT born adults positively correlated with the duration of ventilation during the neonatal period (Figure 1A). Finally, lower connectivity between bilateral claustra and parieto-occipital cortices in PT born adults was associated with lower gestational age, birth weight and a higher degree of neonatal complications (Figure 3A-B). Lower left claustro-occipital connectivity was also associated with lower IQ. \n \nCONCLUSION: Together, these findings suggest that prematurity has a lasting impact on cortico-subcortical white matter connectivity, particularly in subplate/pre-oligodendrocytes-derived systems. Furthermore, these alterations are linked to the degree of prematurity and have implications for the persistence of cognitive impairments into adulthood.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".