Effects of cellulose addition on sodium lignosulfonate pyrolysis: Product distribution and formation pathway
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Copyrolysis of lignin and cellulose can effectively improve pore structure and optimize product distribution. Therefore, the distribution, characteristics, components, and formation mechanism of the copyrolysis products of cellulose and sodium lignosulfonate were studied. The pyrolysis of sodium lignosulfonate was effectively inhibited by cellulose, especially when the amount of doped cellulose was 40 wt.%, and tubes presumed to be carbon nanotubes were prepared under these conditions. For bio‐oil, the contents of phenol, 2‐methoxy‐, and 4‐aminopyridine increased with decreasing amounts of doped cellulose. However, cellulose substantially reduced the content of 2‐furanmethanol. H2, CO2, CO, and CH4 were the main components of the biogas; among them, H2 was the most abundant component in the biogas. Considering the characteristics of the three‐phase product, a higher C content in the volatiles (especially bio‐oil) can promote the formation of carbon nanotubes. Finally, the formation mechanism and interactions of the main components in the volatiles of cellulose and sodium lignosulfonate were proposed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".