What Are University Incubated Agribusinesses: A Sustainability Description of University Incubated Agribusinesses in Kenya
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Universities are promoting entrepreneurship incubation as a means of instilling an entrepreneurial mindset and creation of business ventures among university students. This is necessitated by the bulging youth unemployment among university graduates in the world and most sub-Saharan African countries. This initiative aims at creating graduates who are job creators and not job seekers. Despite these efforts, youth unemployment rates continue to rise among most graduates. Moreover, most university-incubated youth-led businesses have a high failure rate with a majority of them not seeing a second birthday. To address this issue, the study sought to examine the nature of incubated agribusinesses and their sustainability performance in seven selected universities in Kenya. A multistage sampling procedure technique along with Cochran’s (1963) formula for determining populations that are large and unknown were used to select 272 respondents whose businesses were incubated at their universities. Using an index and descriptive statistics, University Incubated agribusinesses in Kenya on average exist for only one year and five months. Results also revealed that the university-incubated agribusinesses under study were 68.2% sustainable indicating a fair performance. They revealed a higher performance in social sustainability (72.8% of its dimensional scores) as compared to economic and environmental sustainability (65.2% and 70% respectively of their dimensional scores). To ensure the long-term success of university-incubated youth agribusinesses, the study recommends that university business incubators should assess the expectations of their participants before they enroll them. The study also suggests that universities should create standardized policies, and procedures governing all stages of incubation. Moreover, youths with university-incubated agribusinesses need to intensify their economic, social, and environmental practices and strategies to ensure the holistic sustainability of their agribusinesses.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".