Unravelling the fragmented sediment–landform assemblage in an area of thick Quaternary sediment, western Hudson Bay Lowland, Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Laurentide Ice Sheet (LIS) reconstructions beyond the last glacial maximum (LGM) are difficult due to the incomplete stratigraphic record that has largely been eroded by the most recent glaciation. The Hudson Bay Lowland (HBL) is a key region to understanding the long-term evolution of the LIS, as it contains an extensive pre-LGM stratigraphic record of glacial and nonglacial events. This study uses a hybrid lithostratigraphy–allostratigraphy approach to decipher the stratigraphic record in the Kaskattama highland region of the western HBL, Manitoba, Canada. We identify five glacial (till) units and three nonglacial (sorted sediment) units that were deposited during at least three glacial–interglacial cycles, which are constrained by radiocarbon and optical ages. The provenance of till units is identified using clast-lithology and detrital hornblende 40Ar/39Ar ages and supported by matrix geochemistry. The new stratigraphic framework for this western HBL region indicates that the ice emanating from the Quebec–Labrador dome advanced into the region at the start of the last two glaciations, suggesting accelerated early growth of the Quebec–Labrador dome relative to the Keewatin Dome.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".